Fitch Ratings – Hong Kong – 02 Nov 2023: Fitch Ratings has downgraded Ethiopia’s Long-Term Foreign-Currency (LTFC) Issuer Default Rating (IDR) to ‘CC’ from ‘CCC-‘ and affirmed the Long-Term Local-Currency IDR (LTLC) at ‘CCC-‘. ……………………………(1)
{1} የኢትዮጵያ የውጪ ብድርና የብድር ወለድ አገልግሎት ክፍያ (External debt servicing payments) ዘጠኝ ቢሊዮን ዶላር ከ2023 እስከ 2025እኤአ የውጪ ብድርና ወለድ እንደሚሆን ተተንብዮል፡፡ የዩሮ ቦንድ የአንድ ቢሊዮን ዶላር ብድር በዲሴንበር 2024 እኤአ ያበቃል፡፡ External debt servicing payments of USD 9 billion in 2023-2025 presents liquidity challenges. A USD 1 billion Eurobond is due in December 2024.
የዋጋ ንረት (Inflation)፡- የሸቀጣ ሸቀጦችና ምርቶች ዋጋ ከአመት ወደ አመት እየጨመረ በመሄድ በአፕሪል 2023እኤአ 33.5 በመቶ ሲገመት የምግብ ነክ የዋጋ ግሽበት 31.8 በመቶ ሲገመት፣ የምግብ ነክ ያልሆኑ እቃዎች የዋጋ ግሽበት 36.1 በመቶ እንደሆነ ተገልፆል፡፡ የዋጋ ንረቱ ዋና መንስኤ በሃገር ውስጥ የመንግሥት ወጪ ከፍተኛ መሆን ሲሆን ከውጪ ተገዝቶ የሚገባው የነዳጂ ወጪና የምግብ ፍጆታ ግዢ እየጨመረ መሄድ የዋጋ ንረቱን አባብሶታል፡፡ በኦህዴድ ብልጽግና መንግሥት የምግብ ነክ የዋጋ ግሽበት 45 በመቶ ሲገመት፣ የምግብ ነክ ያልሆኑ እቃዎች የዋጋ ግሽበት 40 በመቶ እንደሆነ ይገመታል፡፡ Inflation continues to be stubbornly high in 2023. Year-on-year headline inflation in April 2023 stood at 33.5% while food and non-food inflations remain high at 31.8% and 36.1%, respectively. The drivers of inflation are both domestic (government spending) and external (inflation from fuel and food imports)……………………………….………(2)
የንግድ ሚዛን (Balance of Payment)፡- በ2023 እኤአ የንግድ ሚዛን ኪሳራ አንድ ነጥብ ስድስት ቢሊዮን ዶላር እንደሚገመት ዩኤንዲፒ ተንብዮል፡፡ Balance of Payment: Overall, the BOP deficit in 2023 is projected by UNDP to be close to USD 1.6 billion.
{2} የውጭመጠባበቂያገንዘብክምችትመቀነስ (International reserves)በ2022እኤአ የኢትዮጵያየውጭመጠባበቂያገንዘብክምችት 1.5 (አንድነጥብአምስት) ቢሊዮንዶላርአሽቆልቁሎል፡፡የገንዘብክምችቱየአንድወርየገቢንግድውጪንብቻሊሸፍንቢችልነው፡፡ Ethiopia’s FX reserves have fallen to USD 1.5 billion, enough just to cover less than a month’s import bills but insufficient to satisfy debt commitments. According to Fitch’s latest outlook, published on December 20, 2022, the current account deficit will remain unchanged until 2023.Dec 24, 2022. International reserves declined to about 1 month of import cover in 2022 from 2.2 months in 2021…… Foreign exchange: Foreign exchange reserves are estimated in May 2023 at USD 0.8 billion covering less than three weeks of imports. በ2021 እኤአ ለሁለት ነጥብ ሁለት ወራት፣ ለ2022እኤአ አንድ ወር እንዲሁም በ2023እኤአ የዓለም አቀፍ መጠባበቂያ ገንዘብ ክምችት ስምንት መቶ ሚሊዮን ዶላር ሲሆን ለሦስት ሳምንት በታች ከውጪ እቃዎች ሊያስመጣ ይችላል፡፡ የውጭመጠባበቂያገንዘብክምችትከተመናመነለመንግሥትለህዝብ መድሓኒት መግዣ እንኳን አይኖረውም!
{4} ቀጥተኛ የውጪ ኢንቨስትመንት ቀንሶል (Foreign Direct Investment)፡–በኢትዮጵያ ኢኮኖሚ ውስጥ የባህር ማዶ ኢንቨስተሮች ያላቸውን አስተዋፅኦ በካፒታል፣ በሙያ ክህሎት፣ በቴክኖሎጂ ሽግግር፣ የሥራ ዕድል ፈጠራ ወዘተ ያበረከቱትን ድርሻ ከፍተኛ ነው፡፡ political stability and government policy commitment are the most important factors. Moreover economic factors such as labour, trade connection, size of the export sector, external debt, and market size of the countries are found to be significant determinants of FDI flows to African countries.
ኢትዮጵያ ኢንደስትሪያል ፓርክ፣(Ethiopian Industrial Park) 51(ኃምሳ አንድ) የሃገር ውስጥና የባህር ማዶ ኢንቨስተሮች ከኢንደስትሪል ፓርክ ጥለው ወጥተዋል፣ የኢትዮጵያ ኢንቨስትመንት ኮሚሽን ለፓርላማ ባቀረበው ሪፖርት ኃምሳ አንድ ኢንቨስተሮች ከኢንደስትሪል ፓርክ ጥለው ወጥተዋል፣ ምክንያታቸውም በመሰረቃቸውና በቢሮክራሲያዊ አሰራር በመማረር ማለትም በብልሹ መልካም አስተዳደር የተነሳ ነው፡፡ The Ethiopian Investment Commission has indicated to Parliament in May 2023 that 51 investors have left the industrial parks due to theft and bureaucratic bottlenecks.
ኢትዮሊዝ (Ethio Lease):- በኢትዮጵያ ቀጥተኛ የውጪ ኢንቨስትመንት ኢትዮሊዝ የአሜሪካ የግል ኮርፖሬሽን ድርጅት በኢትዮጵያ ውስጥ ልዩ ልዩ የመሠረተ-ልማት መሣሪያዎች(ካፒታል ጉድስ) በድርጅቱ የውጭ ምንዛሪ ገዝቶ ወደ ሃገር ውስጥ አስገብቶ በማከራየት አገልግሎት የሚሰጥ ካንፓኒ ከኢትዮጵያ ለቆ ወጥቶል፡፡ Ethio Lease is part of the AAFC group of companies. AAFC is a privately owned US corporation, with its main office in New York. Ethio Lease is also the first foreign-owned company with a license to operate in a corner of the Ethiopian Financial Services sector. ……If the equipment needs to be imported, Ethio Lease will buy the equipment abroad, using foreign currency from its parent company, AAFC. Ethio Lease customers can pay the lease fee in Ethiopian Birr. While leasing comes in many forms and shapes, for now the only form of leasing that the NBE will allow is a capital lease (aka “financial lease” or “full pay-out” lease)………………………………….(3)
ኢትዮቴሌኮም (Ethiotelecom):- ኢትዮቴሌኮም ሶስተኛ ዓለም አቀፍ ጫረታ ተሠረዘ፡- በሃገሪቱ ባለ ጦርነት የተነሳ ዘለቄታዊ ልማት ማስፋፋት ስለማይቻል ብዙ ዓለም አቀፍ ድርጅቶች ሳይሳተፉ ቀርተዋል፡፡ ኮነሬል አብይ ኢትዮቴሌኮም ድርሻ በከፊል በመሸጥ ዶላር ለማግኘት ቢቆምጥም፣ በጫረታው የውጪ ድርጅቶች አልተሳተፉም፣ ምስጋና ይገባቸዋል፡፡ የባህር ማዶ ኢንቨስተሮች ጦርነት ባለበት አገር ገብተው መስራት አይፈልጉም፡፡ ለአንድ አገር ለዘለቄታዊ የኢኮኖሚ እድገት የኢንቨስትመንት ፍስት ቀጣይነት ዋናው ሠላምና መረጋጋት ነው፡፡ Ethiopia cancels process for offering third telecoms licence …The Ethiopian government has confirmed its cancellation of a process offering the country’s third licence, after receiving low bids, ……(https://www.telecompaper.com › news › ethiopia-cancels…)
ሞሃ የለስላሳ መጠጦች ፋብሪካ (Moha Soft Drinks factory)፡- ሞሃ ፋብሪካ ፔፕሲኮላ፣ ሚሪንዳ፣ሰበን አፕ፣ ኩል ውሓ በማምረት ይታወቃል፡፡ ሞሃ ፋብሪካ ከባሀር ማዶ ለፋብሪካው ግብዓት የሚሆኑ ኬሚካሎችና ማሽነሪዎች፣ ጠርሙሶች፣ለማሰገባት የውጪ ምንዛሪ በማጣት ስራውን ለማቆም ተገዶል፡፡ ሞሃ ፋብሪካ በሃገሪቱ ለሠላሳ አመታት በመስራት ስምንት ማምረቻ በሃገሪቱ በመገንባት ለስምንት ሽህ ሠራተኞች የሥራ ዕድል የፈጠረ ድርጅት ነበር፡፡ Recent reports from local sources have indicated that some foreign investors are quitting operations in Ethiopia due to chronic foreign currency shortage in the country to import products. A company owned by Ethiopian-born Saudi Billionaire, Mohammed Alamudi, is among those affected by the problem. Moha Soft Drinks factory is moving in the direction of closing down all its operations in Ethiopia, according to a report by The Ethiopian Reporter Published on November 25, 2023……….. The main problem the company has been facing was foreign currency needed for importing materials for its operation including bottles , ingredients needed for soft drinks and machineries. Moha Soft Drinks Industry Share company has been producing Pepsi Cola Products and Mineral water for nearly thirty years since 1996 and the number of plants in the country reached eight. The source cited its informant to report that “More than 8,000 employees have lost or resigned from their jobs at Moha over the past year.” ……………………………………..(4)
{5} የባህር ማዶ እርዳታና ኦፊሽያል ዲቨሎፕመንት አሲስታንስ ድጋፍ መቆረጥ (Foreign Aid and Official Development Assistance received)፡-እርዳታው ከአምስት ቢሊዮን ዶላር ወደ አንድ ቢሊዮን ዶላር ወርዶል፡፡በኢትዮጵያ የባህር ማዶ እርዳታ ከጠቅላላ የሃገር ውስጥ ምርት (GDP) ድርሻ 9.3 በመቶ በ1982 እኤአ የነበረ ሲሆን በ2019 እኤአ ደግሞ 42.9 በመቶ እያደገ እንደሄደ በጥናት ተረጋግጦል፡፡ ኢትዮጵያ በየአመቱ ከሦስት እስከ አራት ቢሊዮን ዶላር እርዳታ ታገኝ እንደነበር መረጃዎች ያሳያሉ፡፡ በዚህም መሠረት እንደ ናሙና በ2015 (3.239 ቢሊዮን ዶላር)፣ በ2016 (4.084 ቢሊዮን ዶላር)፣በ2017 (4.125 ቢሊዮን ዶላር)፣ በ2018 (4.941 ቢሊዮን ዶላር)፣ በ2019 (4.810 ቢሊዮን ዶላር)የባህር ማዶ እርዳታ አግኝታለች፡፡ (The Global Economy.com) ድረ-ገፅ መረጃ ይገልጻል፡፡ How much of Ethiopia’s GDP is aid? It is clearly observe from the figure 2 on average the share of foreign aid to GDP showed increasing trend from 9.3% in 1982 to 42.9% in 2019; on the other hand there is slight fluctuation in GDP per capital growth rate over time, it is also evident that there is a rising trend from 0.9% in the year 1981 to 5.6% in …Jul 20, 2022. ከኢትዮጵያ የሰሜኑ ጦርነት በኃላ የባህር ማዶ እርዳታና ኦፊሽያል ዲቨሎፕመንት አሲስታንስ ድጋፍ በመአቀብ ተመታ፡፡ ኢትዮጵያ ጦርነቱን ካላቆመች የሚላስ የሚቀመስ ዶላር እንደማታገኝ ተፈረደባት፡፡ የብሔራዊ ባንክ ገዥ ማሞ ምህረቱ በ2015 ዓ/ም አንድ ቢሊዮን ዶላር እርዳታ እንዳገኘች ገልጸዋል፡፡ የአሜሪካ ፕሬዜዳንት በ2023ዕኤአ 331 ሚሊዮን ዶላር ለስብዓዊ እርዳታ አበረከተ፣ ከሦስትና አራት ቢሊዮን ዶላር ወደ ሚሊዮን ዶላር እርዳታ እንደ ተሸቆለቆለ መረጃው ይጠቁማል፡፡ የጦርነት መዘዙ ይሄ ነው አሁንም የፈረንጅ እርዳት ለማግኘት ካሻን ከጦርነት መታቀብ ግድ ይላል እንላለን፡፡ የኮነሬል አብይ መንግሥት በአማራ ህዝብ ላይ የሚያካሂደውን ጦርነት በአስቸኳይ እንዲያቆምና በሠላማዊ መንገድ እንዲፈታ፡፡
{6} ካፒታልኩብለላ 44 ቢሊዮን ዶላር (Capital flight)፡-ከሃገሪቱበህገወጥመንገድየሚወጣየውጪምንዛሪካፒታልኩብለላCapital flightከ2 እስከ 3 ቢሊዮንዶላርበአመትእንደሚደርስየአፍሪካውልጅታቡኢንቤኪአጋልጠዋል፡፡በኦህዴድ/ብልፅግናመንግሥትአምስትዓመትአገዛዝዘመንየውጭምንዛሪኩብለላዋናተዋናዬችከፍተኛየመንግስትሹማምንቶችየሚከወንሲሆንበሃገሪቱበሚስተዋለውህዝባዊእንቢተኛነትናአመጽፍራቻየተነሳእንደሆነይታመናል፡፡በሃገሪቱየብርየመግዛትአቅመከጊዜወደጊዜመውደቅየተነሳናበብሔራዊባንክየብርየማርከስሂደት፣በእቃዎችዋጋእየጨመረመሄድየኑሮውድነትእየተባባሰየሚሄደው ሃያ በቢሊዮንዶላርከሀገርውስጥመኮብለልየተነሳሁኔታውንአባብሶታል፡፡ Results also show, for trade with only advanced countries, trade misinvoicing has cost Ethiopia $6-35 billion between 2008 and 2016; for trade with emerging economies (including China and India), Ethiopia has lost $15 -78 billion to trade mis-invoicing during the same period. If we just take the sum of the lowest estimates of trade mis-invoicing, Ethiopia had lost over $20 billion due to trade mis-invoicing with all its trading partners during the study period.………………….(5)
Apr 4, 2023 — Capital flight has cost Ethiopia 44 billion USD over the last ten years … Macroeconomic analyst and researcher Professor Alemayehu Geda claims that the amount of wealth purported to have left the country in the previous 10 years is 10 times more than it was 44 years ago. The lecturer, Alemayehu Geda, claimed to have fled the country. According to recent estimates, more foreign currency has been printed in the last ten years than in the 44 before. The sudden increase in riches is said to be very frightening. Several sources claim that the main causes of this capital flight or money movement are a lack of security in the country and lax government regulation. The researcher told us that in order to stop the government from continuing to lose billions of dollars, problems must be found and holes must be filled. It was also believed that strengthening mining regions based on the dollar trade system, emphasising Kela oversight, and strict legislation and monitoring are required.”…………..(6)
{7}የኢትዮጵያወታደራዊወጪ ( Ethiopia Military expenditure፡-) አንድቢሊዮንዶላርእንደስቶክሆልምኢንተርናሽናልፒስሪሰርችኢንስቲቲውሽንጥናትመሠረት፣ዓለምአቀፍናየሃገራትወታደራዊወጪአፕሪል 24 ቀን 2023 እኤአባወጣውመረጃመሠረትየኢትዮጵያወታደራዊወጪአንድቢሊዮንዶላር (ሃምሳአራትቢሊዮንብር )በ2022እኤአእንደደረሰናከአለፈውዓመትጋርሲነፃፀር 88 (የሰማንያስምንት) በመቶእድገትእንዳሳየዘግበዋል፡፡ Addis Abeba – According to new data on global military spending published on Monday, 24 April, by the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), Ethiopia spent 1 billion USD on military expenditures in 2022, showing an increase of 88 percent from the previous year.………………..……(7)